1975 год
Билл Гейтс и Пол Аллен основали фирму Microsoft.
Фирма MITS выпускает компьютер Altair 8800, который, как считается, положил начало всем любительским персональным компьютерам. Одной из причин успеха этого компьютера была простота архитектуры по отношению к «большим ЭВМ».
NAME ALTAIR 8800
MANUFACTURER MITS
TYPE Professional Computer
ORIGIN U.S.A.
YEAR 1975
KEYBOARD No keyboard, but switches on front panel.
CPU Intel 8080A (rarely 8080)
SPEED 2 MHz (each instruction takes 4 clock cycles)
RAM 256 bytes (you had to buy this memory board)
ROM None
TEXT MODES None (optional 64 x 12 card)
GRAPHIC MODES None
SIZE / WEIGHT Unknown
I/O PORTS Unknown
POWER SUPPLY Unknown
PRICE $595
1976 год
Стив Джобс и Стив Возняк основали корпорацию Apple
Выпуск Apple I — компьютера, который послужил предтечей развития одного из современных производителей персональных компьютеров, Apple Computer.
NAME APPLE 1
MANUFACTURER Apple
TYPE Home Computer
ORIGIN U.S.A.
YEAR April 1976
END OF PRODUCTION 1977
KEYBOARD No keyboard (sold separately)
CPU MOS Technology 6502
SPEED 1 MHz
RAM 8 KB
VRAM 1 KB
ROM 256 bytes
TEXT MODES 40 x 24
GRAPHIC MODES None
COLORS None
SOUND None
I/O PORTS Monitor, Expansion connector, Keyboard connector, Cassette board connector
POWER SUPPLY PSU built-in
PRICE $666.66 (USA, 1976)
NAME POLY 88
MANUFACTURER Polymorphic
TYPE Professional Computer
ORIGIN U.S.A.
YEAR 1976
BUILT IN LANGUAGE None
KEYBOARD Full-stroke 54 keys (made by Cherry)
CPU 8080A
SPEED 2 MHz 8080A, running at 1.8432 MHz (so that it could be easily divided to produce standard baud rate clocks)
RAM 512 bytes to 32 KB.
VRAM 1 KB
ROM Monitor 1 KB (2 KB optional)
TEXT MODES 40 chars x 25 lines
GRAPHIC MODES Semi-graphic mode (128 x 48)
COLORS Monochrome
SOUND None standard (available through S100 boards)
SIZE / WEIGHT 11(W) x 17.5(H) x 43 (D) cm.
I/O PORTS Keyboard, tape recorder, printer, video vomposite
BUILT IN MEDIA None
POWER SUPPLY Built-in PSU
PERIPHERALS Video, keyboard, cassette, serial interfaces.
Some Altair S-100 cards
PRICE From $595 to $1350
1977 год
В августе начался выпуск Tandy Radio Shack TRS-80 — первого домашнего компьютера, стоившего менее 600 долларов США.
NAME TRS 80 MODEL I
MANUFACTURER Tandy Radio Shack
TYPE Home Computer
ORIGIN U.S.A.
YEAR 1977
BUILT IN LANGUAGE Basic Level 1 (4k ROM models)
Basic Level II (12k ROM models)
KEYBOARD Full-stroke keyboard, 53 Keys, optional numeric keypad
CPU Zilog Z80
SPEED 1.77 MHz
RAM 4 kb / 16 kb depending on models (up to 48 kb)
VRAM 1 kb
ROM 4 kb (Basic Level 1) or 12kb (Basic Level 2)
TEXT MODES 32 x 16, 64 x 16
GRAPHIC MODES 128 x 48
COLORS monochrome
SOUND None
I/O PORTS Monitor, cassette interface, expansion port
OS TRS DOS - NEW DOS
PRICE 600$
В декабре появился Commodore PET — первый компьютер, в комплект поставки которого входили клавиатура, монитор, накопитель на магнитной ленте (специальный фирменный магнитофон).
NAME PET 2001
MANUFACTURER Commodore
TYPE Professional Computer
ORIGIN U.S.A.
YEAR 1977
BUILT IN LANGUAGE Commodore Basic 1.0
KEYBOARD 73 key 'chicklet' keyboard with numeric keypad
CPU 6502
SPEED 1 mHz
RAM 4 KB (early version) then 8 KB
VRAM 1 KB
ROM 14 KB
TEXT MODES 40 x 25
GRAPHIC MODES None
COLORS Monochrome
I/O PORTS IEEE 488, Parallel port, second, ''user port'' for 8-bit I/O, cassette port inside the case, rarely used
BUILT IN MEDIA tape recorder
POWER SUPPLY Built-in power supply unit
PRICE Ј700 (8 KB RAM - 1978)
1978 год
NAME ABC 80
MANUFACTURER Luxor
TYPE Home Computer
ORIGIN Sweden
YEAR 1978
BUILT IN LANGUAGE Luxor Basic
KEYBOARD Full-stroke 55 keys
CPU Z 80
SPEED 3 MHz
RAM 16 KB (up to to 32 KB)
ROM 16 KB
TEXT MODES 40 x 24 (ViewData and Teletext compatible)
GRAPHIC MODES 78 x 75
COLORS Monochrom
SOUND 1 channel - Built-in speaker
I/O PORTS V24 / RS232
BUILT IN MEDIA Optional 2 x 5.25'' disk-drives
POWER SUPPLY Unknown
PRICE From $1400
NAME SME
MANUFACTURER Siemens
TYPE Professional Computer
ORIGIN Germany
YEAR 1978
BUILT IN LANGUAGE ROM monitor
KEYBOARD Full-stroke 62 keys managed by an Intel 8741 processor
CPU Intel 8085
SPEED 4 Mhz
CO-PROCESSOR Intel 8080 I/O dedicated
RAM Up to 64 KB
ROM 2 KB Boot ROM + 2 KB Monitor
TEXT MODES 80 columns x 25 rows
GRAPHIC MODES Text only
I/O PORTS Multibus expansion slot
BUILT IN MEDIA 8'' floppy drive
OS ISIS operating system
POWER SUPPLY Built-in power supply unit
PERIPHERALS EPROM programmer
PRICE Expensive!
1979 год
NAME MZ 80C
MANUFACTURER Sharp
TYPE Home Computer
ORIGIN Japan
YEAR october 1979
KEYBOARD 78 plastic keys
CPU Zilog Z80 A
SPEED 4 MHz
RAM 48 KB
ROM 4 KB
TEXT MODES 40 x 25
GRAPHIC MODES 80 x 50
COLORS 10'' built-in monochrome monitor
SOUND one channel, built-in speaker
SIZE / WEIGHT 410 (W) Ч 470 (D) Ч 270 (H) / 13 kg
I/O PORTS Expansion bus
BUILT IN MEDIA Tape recorder (1200 baud)
POWER SUPPLY Built-in PSU
PERIPHERALS Floppy disk drives (MZ-80FD), printer, color & graphical addon
PRICE 268,000 yens (Japan, 1979)
NAME PHC 3000
MANUFACTURER Sanyo
TYPE Professional Computer
ORIGIN Japan
YEAR 1979
BUILT IN LANGUAGE None
KEYBOARD 101 keys with numeric & editing keypad and 9 function keys
CPU TMS-9900
SPEED Unknown
RAM 32 KB up to 56 KB + optional 64 KB of data memory
VRAM 2 KB
ROM 2 KB boot ROM
TEXT MODES 80 char. x 24 lines - 5 x 9 dot-matrix - 12'' display
GRAPHIC MODES None - 64 graphic characters
COLORS Monochrome green
SOUND Beeper
SIZE / WEIGHT 53.2 (W) x 64 (D) x 38.2 (H) (incl. keyboard) / 28.5 kg
I/O PORTS Serial port. Optional 2nd Serial, Parallel, Printer
BUILT IN MEDIA 1 or 2 PERTEC 5.25'' double sided, single density 133 KB FDD
OS Sanyo specific
POWER SUPPLY Built-in 85W power supply unit
PRICE Unknown
1980 год
Впервые в персональном компьютере использована многопользовательская и многозадачная операционная система OS-9.
NAME 5120
MANUFACTURER IBM
TYPE Professional Computer
ORIGIN U.S.A.
YEAR 1980
BUILT IN LANGUAGE APL, BASIC
KEYBOARD Full stroke 73 keys with numeric keypad
CPU IBM
SPEED Unknown
RAM 64 KB
ROM 64 KB
TEXT MODES 64 chars x 16 lines
GRAPHIC MODES None
COLORS Monochrome
SOUND Beeper
SIZE / WEIGHT 45 Kg.
I/O PORTS Parallel and Serial
BUILT IN MEDIA 2 x 8'' 1.2 MB floppy drives
POWER SUPPLY Built in power supply unit
PRICE $13500
NAME HP-85
MANUFACTURER Hewlett Packard
TYPE Professional Computer
ORIGIN U.S.A.
YEAR 1980
END OF PRODUCTION 1984
BUILT IN LANGUAGE HP Basic interpreter
KEYBOARD Full stroke 93 keys with numeric keypad and user definable keys
CPU 'Capricorn' custom HP 8-bit CPU
SPEED 0.625 MHz
CO-PROCESSOR Custom HP I/O circuits
RAM 16 KB (14.5 KB for the user, expandable to 32 KB)
VRAM 8 KB
ROM 32 KB
TEXT MODES 32 chars x 16 lines
GRAPHIC MODES 256 x 192 dots
COLORS Monochrome
SOUND Tone Generator
I/O PORTS Four I/O Ports
BUILT IN MEDIA Built-in DC 100 cardridge drive
OS Built-in BASIC language. Optional CP/M O.S. with external FD/HD unit
POWER SUPPLY Built-in power supply unit 110V - 240V switchable
PERIPHERALS Various extension cards: GP-IB, Serial, FDD controller, I/O routines, Parallel, BASIC extensions
PRICE $3250
1981 год
Изобретение компакт-диска (CD)
В августе фирма IBM представила широкой публике первую модель персонального компьютера IBM PC 5150, ставшую фактическим родоначальником современных персональных компьютеров.
NAME PC - Model 5150
MANUFACTURER IBM
TYPE Professional Computer
ORIGIN U.S.A.
YEAR 1981
BUILT IN LANGUAGE IBM BASIC (Special Microsoft BASIC-80 version in ROM)
KEYBOARD Full stroke 'clicky' 83 keys with 10 function keys and numeric keypad
CPU Intel 8088
SPEED 4.77 MHz
CO-PROCESSOR Optional 8087 math coprocessor
RAM 64 KB (The very first ones had only 16 KB), 256 KB max. (then later 640 KB max.)
ROM 64 KB
TEXT MODES 40 or 80 char x 25 lines
GRAPHIC MODES Optional CGA graphic modes : 320 x 200 / 640 x 200
COLORS Monochrome / 4 among 8 in 320 x 200 CGA mode
SOUND Tone Generator - built-in speaker
SIZE / WEIGHT 50.8 (W) x 40.6 (D) x 14 (H) cm
I/O PORTS Five internal 8 bit ISA slots, monitor, Centronics, cassette (!),
BUILT IN MEDIA One or two 160 KB 5.25'' disk-drives
OS MS-DOS, CP/M-86, USCD Pascal
POWER SUPPLY Built-in 63.5W switching power supply unit
PERIPHERALS 5 expansion slots, 5, 10, 20 MB hard discs
PRICE Ј1736 (1 FD, monochrome monitor, U.K., 1983)
Появился Sinclair ZX81 — стоил всего 49.95 английских фунтов в виде набора для сборки и 69.95 фунтов — собранный и готовый к использованию.
NAME ZX 81
MANUFACTURER Sinclair
TYPE Home Computer
ORIGIN United Kingdom
YEAR march 1981
BUILT IN LANGUAGE Sinclair Basic
KEYBOARD Touch-sensitive keyboard, 40 keys
CPU Zilog Z80A
SPEED 3.5 MHz
RAM 1 KB (901 bytes available, up to 64 KB)
ROM 8 KB
TEXT MODES 32 x 24 (but 2 lines are reserved for system messages and commands)
GRAPHIC MODES 64 x 44
COLORS Black and white
SOUND None
SIZE / WEIGHT 167 x 175 x 40 mm / 350gr
I/O PORTS Z80 Bus, tape, video
POWER SUPPLY 9V DC , 600 mA (centre polarity = +ve)
PRICE Kit :Ј50 (UK, june 1981) / Ready-built : Ј70 (UK, june 1981
1982 год
Начались продажи Commodore 64 — стал самым продаваемым компьютером всех времён и народов: продано более 20 миллионов машин.
NAME C64
MANUFACTURER Commodore
TYPE Home Computer
ORIGIN U.S.A.
YEAR 1982
END OF PRODUCTION 1993
BUILT IN LANGUAGE Basic
KEYBOARD Full-stroke 66 keys with 4 function keys
CPU 6510
SPEED 0.985 MHz (PAL) / 1.023 MHz (NTSC)
CO-PROCESSOR VIC II (Video), SID (Sound)
RAM 64 KB
ROM 20 KB
TEXT MODES 40 columns x 25 lines
GRAPHIC MODES several, most used : 320 x 200
COLORS 16 + 16 border colours
SOUND 3 voices / 9 octaves, 4 waveforms (sound output through TV)
SIZE / WEIGHT 40.4 (W) x 21.6 (D) x 7.5 (H) cm / 1820 g
I/O PORTS RGB (composite, chroma/luma and sound in/out), 2 x Joystick plugs, Cardridge slot, Tape interfarce (300
bps), Serial, User Port, TV RF output
BUILT IN MEDIA Cassette unit. Provision for 170 KB 5.25'' floppy disc unit (1541)
POWER SUPPLY External power supply unit
PRICE $595 (USA, 1982) - Ј229 (U.K. 1984
NAME iPDS
MANUFACTURER Intel
TYPE Professional Computer
ORIGIN U.S.A.
YEAR 1982
BUILT IN LANGUAGE None
KEYBOARD Full stroke detachable keyboard
62 keys with arrow keys
CPU Intel 8085
SPEED Unknown
CO-PROCESSOR None
RAM 64 KB standard RAM + 64 KB bubble memory module
ROM Unknown
TEXT MODES 80 chars x 25 lines
GRAPHIC MODES No graphics
COLORS Monochrome - Green phosphorus CRT
SOUND Beeper
SIZE / WEIGHT Unknown
I/O PORTS ICE and EPROM burner connector at right side
Serial RS232, Parallel printer, Second external FDD unit
BUILT IN MEDIA DS-DD 5'' floppy disc drive, Bubble memory module
OS Isis
POWER SUPPLY Built-in power supply unit
PERIPHERALS Second FDD unit, various ICE and EPROM burner modules
PRICE Unknown
1983 год
Появилась первая версия текстового редактора Word.
Министерство обороны США делит сеть ARPANET на две ветви: одна из них для гражданских применений, а другая для военных целей.
Протокол TCP/IP заменяет NCP, и термин «интернет» закрепляется за сетью ARPANET.
Начались продажи Apple Lisa — амбициозный проект Apple, потерпевший неудачу, но подготовивший почву для успеха как и Apple Macintosh, так и Microsoft Windows (поначалу графической среды, а потом и операционной системы)
NAME LISA / LISA 2 - Mac XL
MANUFACTURER Apple
TYPE Professional Computer
ORIGIN U.S.A.
YEAR January 1983
END OF PRODUCTION August 1986
BUILT IN LANGUAGE Lisa OS
KEYBOARD Full-stroke 77-key with numeric keypad
CPU Motorola MC 68000
SPEED 5 MHz
RAM 1 MB (2MB max. via 3rd party upgrade)
ROM 16 KB
TEXT MODES 40 x 32 bit-mapped
GRAPHIC MODES 720 x 364 dots
COLORS Monochrome (12'' built-in monitor)
SOUND Continuously Variable Slope Demodulator (CVSD)
SIZE / WEIGHT 35 (W) x 47.5 (D) x 38.8 (H) cm / 15.2 Kg
I/O PORTS 2 x RS232, 3 proprietary slots, Parallel (only on original Lisa),
BUILT IN MEDIA Lisa : two 5.25'' floppy drives (871 KB)
Lisa 2/Max XL : one Sony 3.5'' floppy drive (400 KB)
OS Lisa Office System or Mac OS (Lisa 2/Mac XL only)
POWER SUPPLY Built-in 150W power supply unit
PERIPHERALS 5 MB or 10 MB external hard disk
PRICE Lisa: $9,995 (USA, 1983)
NAME Agat
MANUFACTURER LEMZ
TYPE Professional Computer
ORIGIN USSR
YEAR 1983
END OF PRODUCTION Unknown
BUILT IN LANGUAGE BASIC interpreter & assembler
KEYBOARD 74 keys full-stroke keyboard with 15 function keys and numeric keypad Cyrillic and latin keys
CPU 6502 or russian clone
SPEED Unknown
CO-PROCESSOR Unknown
RAM 64 KB, 128 KB or 256 KB
ROM 32 KB
TEXT MODES 32 x 32, 64 x 32
GRAPHIC MODES 64 x 64 (16 colors), 128 x 128 (8 colors), 256 x 256 (black & white)
COLORS 16
SOUND Speaker only
SIZE / WEIGHT 460 x 350 x 160 cm / 9 Kg
I/O PORTS printer, monitor, casette interface, keyboard, 7 internal expansion slots, parallel port
BUILT IN MEDIA one 5''1/4 disk-drive
POWER SUPPLY Internal Power Supply (220v, 60w)
PERIPHERALS Unknown
PRICE $600-1000 (USSR, 1984)
NAME PC Junior
MANUFACTURER IBM
TYPE Home Computer
ORIGIN U.S.A.
YEAR November 1983
END OF PRODUCTION March 1985
KEYBOARD Chicklet keyboard (full stroke keyboard was available later)
CPU Intel 8088
SPEED 4.77 MHz
CO-PROCESSOR Texas Instrument sn76496 n (sound)
RAM 64k (up to 640 KB)
Extended model : 128k
VRAM from 2k to 128k (use the conventional RAM)
ROM 24 KB
TEXT MODES 40 x 25 / 80 x 25
GRAPHIC MODES 160 x 200 (16 colors), 320 x 200, 640 x 200
COLORS 16
SOUND three channels
SIZE / WEIGHT Unknown
I/O PORTS 2 cartridges ports (64 KB each), Centronics (optional), RS232, Joystick, Light Pen, video out (RCA plug)
BUILT IN MEDIA one 5.25'' disk drive
OS MS DOS
POWER SUPPLY External PSU
PRICE Unknown
1984 год
Выпуск первого лазерного принтера компании HP.
NAME PC 6001 MK 2 SR
MANUFACTURER NEC
TYPE Home Computer
ORIGIN Japan
YEAR ? 1984
BUILT IN LANGUAGE Basic N66 & N66SR
KEYBOARD Full-stroke keyboard, JIS standard layout, 64 keys, 5 function keys, 4 cursor keys, kana letter key
CPU PD 780C-1 (Z80 clone)
SPEED 3.58 Mhz
CO-PROCESSOR 6847 et 6845 graphic chipsets, мPD8049 (I/O management)
RAM 64 KB
ROM 32 KB (N66SR Basic) + 32 KB (N66 Basic) + 16 KB (graphic characters) + 32 KB (Chinese characters ROM) + 32
KB (optional speech synthesis)
TEXT MODES 32 x 16, 40 x 20, 40 x 25, 80 x 20, 80 x 25
GRAPHIC MODES 64 x 48, 128 x 192, 160 x 200, 256 x 192, 320 x 200 (15 colors), 640 x 200 (4 colors)
COLORS 15 colors max.
SOUND Speaker built-in, sound generator (3 voices, 8 octaves) optional speech synthesizer (2 voices)
SIZE / WEIGHT 368 x 87 x 285 mm / 3.3 Kg
I/O PORTS Cartridge slot, joysticks, Centronics, printer connector, RGB video output, Sound output, RS-232c,
Expansion bus, floppy disk interface
POWER SUPPLY AC100V±10% 50/60Hz, 25w
PRICE 89 800 yen (Japan, 1984)
NAME Mikro Mikko 1
MANUFACTURER Nokia
TYPE Professional Computer
ORIGIN Finland
YEAR 1984
BUILT IN LANGUAGE Microsoft Basic, editor,debugger and assembler delivered on disk
KEYBOARD Full-stroke keyboard with function keys and numeric keypad
CPU Intel 8085
SPEED 2 MHz
RAM 64 KB
ROM 4 KB
TEXT MODES 80 x 25 (last line reserved for system info)
GRAPHIC MODES 160 x 75, 800 x 327
COLORS Monochrome display
SOUND Beeper
SIZE / WEIGHT Main unit: 324 x 340 x 215 mm / 13,4kg
Keyboard: 390 x 220 x 70 mm / 2 kg
12'' monitor: 345 x 330 x 335 mm / 8,5 kg
I/O PORTS 2 x RS-232 ports, video out, printer, keyboard
BUILT IN MEDIA Model 6: Two 5.25'' disk drives (640 KB) optional 5 MB Winchester hard-disk
OS Nokia CP/M 2.2
POWER SUPPLY PSU built-in
PRICE 5000 (Finland, 1984)
1985 год
Появление CD-ROM.
NAME Hit-Bit F700
MANUFACTURER Sony
TYPE Home Computer
ORIGIN Japan
YEAR 1985
BUILT IN LANGUAGE MSX Basic
KEYBOARD Full-stroke keyboard with separated keyboard
CPU Zilog Z80A
SPEED 3.58 MHz
RAM 256 KB
VRAM 128 KB
ROM 64 KB
TEXT MODES 40 x 25 / 80 x 25
GRAPHIC MODES 9 graphic modes, the most used is 256 x 212 with 256 colors
COLORS 256
SOUND 3 voices, 8 octaves
SIZE / WEIGHT Unknown
I/O PORTS RGB, 2 x cardridge slots, Centronics, Floppy Disk, Joystick, Mouse
BUILT IN MEDIA 3'5 disk drive unit (720 KB double side, double density)
OS optional MSX DOS on diskette
POWER SUPPLY Built-in PSU
PRICE Unknown
NAME 6085
MANUFACTURER Xerox
TYPE Professional Computer
ORIGIN U.S.A.
YEAR 1985
END OF PRODUCTION 1989
BUILT IN LANGUAGE None
KEYBOARD 95 key Typewriter style with 20 funtion keys and numeric keypad
CPU Xerox Mesa
SPEED 8 MHz
CO-PROCESSOR Unknown
RAM 1.1 MB up to 3.7 MB
VRAM Unknown
ROM Unknown
TEXT MODES Bit-map characters
GRAPHIC MODES 880 x 697 dots
COLORS Monochrome
SOUND Yes, see below
SIZE / WEIGHT Unknown
I/O PORTS 2 serial ports
BUILT IN MEDIA 5.25 floppy drive, 10 to 80 MB HDD
OS Xerox ViewPoint
POWER SUPPLY Built-in power supply unit
PERIPHERALS Unknown
PRICE From $4995
ИСТОРИЯ ПК ЧАСТЬ 2 (1986-1995год) 
